What is Machine Shop And Machine Tools?

All those tools which are driven by some power or engine and are used to make any object or part are called machine tools.

According to the American National Machine Tool Builders Association, "Machine tools are tools that use power tools to cut metal objects and reshape them slowly or by using heat and pressure."

Machine tools are used in industry to make basic tools or equipment, so machine tools are called the master tools of the industry.

There are again three types of machine tools:

1) Conventional chip manufacturing equipment (lathe, drill, milling etc.)

2) Conventional chipless product manomatic programming lathe)

Numerical Control of Machine Tools:

Numerical control means that the data entered on a punched tape or card is numerical or numerical and the machine tool is controlled by it.

Machine or machine tools are called numerical control of machine tools when they are controlled by numerical or numerical data recorded on punched tape or card.

What is Lather Machine ?

A lathe machine (English: lathe) is a very important machine in a machine shop, which rotates an object on its axis to perform a variety of tasks, such as: cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling or deformation. These operations are done with the help of various cutting tools.

Lathes are used to produce objects that are symmetric about their axis of rotation. Lathes are used in a variety of applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, metalworking, and glasswork. Lathes are also used to shape pottery, porcelain or stoneware.

A famous example is the potter's compound wheel. More sophisticated lathes can produce a variety of spherical solid and flat surfaces, and screw threads or helixes can be cut.

There are different types of lathe machines.

For example:

a. Engine lathe.

b. turret lathe

C. Multiple spindle lathe.

Metal objects are worked with these three lathes.

D. Wood etc.

Main parts of lathe machine:

1. Head Stoke

2. Tail Stock

3. Carriage

4. Quick Change Gear Box

5. Bed etc.

Main functions of lathe machine:

1. Plain twist

2. Taper Turning

3. Threading

4. Drilling

5. Parting

6. Nurling

7. Facing

8. Boring

9. Reaming

Plain twist:

Plain or flat turning is used to gradually reduce the size of the job and level the job surface by gradually eliminating the unevenness of the job surface.

Taper Turning:

Taper turning is the process of gradually reducing the diameter of a cylindrical shaped job in one direction to give it a conical shape.

threading (thread cutting)

Threading is a very important operation in a lathe machine. Henry Maudsley, an Englishman, made the first screw-cutting lathe. So that it can cut 16 to 100 threads per inch. Through this it is possible to cut the thread completely. Threads are generally of two types - external thread and internal thread.

What is Drilling Machine ?

Lathe can be drilled in two ways. One is mounting the drill bit directly on the spindle of the tail stock and the other is installing the drill chuck attached to the drill bit and feeding the bit to the workpiece rotating on the lathe. Taper drill bits for holes larger than 1/2 inch in diameter

Used directly on the tail stock spindle.

Farewell:

After the work is completed, parting is done to separate the work piece from the rest of the work piece.

Nurling:

Knurling is performed on the normal shape and uneven surface of the workpiece. Although knurling can also be done with other machine tools, knurling is usually done on some lathes. Knurling cut is either a part of the powder making process or a cold forming process. It is generally used for high volume production of automatic or semi-automatic type of lathe.

encounter:

The edges of the job are faced to form a flat shape. The job face is gradually leveled and smoothed with the help of cutting tools at either end of the rotating workpiece.

boring:

Boring is the process of making a drilled hole on a job into a desired shape or smoothing a hole on an uneven surface.

What is Milling Machine ?

Milling is the process of cutting an object into a specific shape by means of a rotating multi-toothed cutter, and a machine that performs this process is called a milling machine.

According to the size, there are mainly four types of milling machines.

1. Column and net type milling machine.

2. Planar Type Milling Machine

3. Fixed bed type milling machine.

4. Special type of milling machine.

The main parts of a milling machine :

1. base

2. Free

3. Table

4. Column

5. Arbor gallop

6. Spindle

7. Over Arm

8. Sandals etc.

Working of milling machine:

1. Gear Cutting

2. Surface Finishing

3.Facing

4. Holes etc.

There are two types of milling machines:

1) Plain Mining Machine

2) Universal Milling Machine

Milling Attachment:

The milling attachment is the most essential tool specially designed for a milling machine. There are about nine types of attachments in a milling machine. Such as index, vertical milling attachment, high speed milling attachment etc.

What is Shaper Machine ?

An important machine in the machine shop is the shaper machine. Through this, the surface of any metal object is cut to the required size. Different cutting tools are used to cut different surfaces.

Types of Shaper Machines:

On the basis of the location of the tool head, shaper machines can be divided into the following.

1. Standard

2. Draw-cut

3. Horizontal

4. Universal

5. Vertical

6. Gear

7. Crank

8. Hydraulic

9. Contour

10. Travel Head.

Of these, horizontal joints are commonly used.

A vertical shaper is usually attached to a rotating table to cut the curved surface of the workpiece. The difference between vertical shaper and slotter (slotting machine) is that in vertical shaper the slide can be moved but in slotter it is firmly attached to the vertical surface.

Various cutting tools used in shaper machine:

1. Slot Cutting Tool

2. Left Hand Cutting Tool

3. Right Hand Cutting Tool

4. V-Cutting Tool

5. Square Cutting Tool

6. Cast iron finishing equipment etc.

Shaper Machine Size:

A shaper machine is sized based on the maximum stroke of its ram and is measured in inches. Common shaper machines range in size from 7 to 36 inches.

Main parts of shaper machine:

1. Base:

It is the heavy metal part on which the entire shaper machine is mounted. It also serves as a container for the oil. This oil is supplied as a lubricant to various parts of the shaper.

2. Frame or Structure:

It's the bulk of the metal that sits on the bezel.

3. Hitting:

This shaper is the main moving part of the machine. It holds and operates the cutting tool. It is attached to a rocker arm which gives it an oscillating motion.

4. Table:

The table is a metal box that is attached to the frame. It holds the cut object (job or work). In normal shapers the table can be moved right-left-front-back in the plane of the base, but universal tables can be rotated at any angle with respect to the plane of the base.

In case of shaper machine feed:

The shaper machine is fed into the table. That is, during cutting, the cutting tool keeps cutting from a fixed place and the table moves the work towards the cutting tool at a certain speed.

A planer machine, like a shaper machine, is also a machine designed to cut metal vertically and at an angle. The body of the planer machine is big and strong. Because of this, large, heavy and uneven shapes, which are difficult to cut with any other machine, can be easily done with a planer machine.

There are two types of planer machines:

1. Double Housing Planner

2. Single Housing Planero

Again, the machine can be divided into five parts according to the mode of operation of the machine i.e. the system of primary power transmission to the machine.

(a) belt driven planer

(b) gear driven planar (gear divan plane).

(d) hydraulic driven planer

(e) crank dine planer

(f) Mixed Driven Plain

According to the type of dwelling, the floor can be divided into four classes:

(a) Double Housing or Farther Side Standard Planer

(q) open side planer

(d) wide planar.

According to the tool head (tool head) is divided into two parts, namely:

(a) single head (single head) planar

(b) multihead planer (mulihead planer).

According to the characteristics of the machine planners can be classified as follows:

(a) edge or open side planar

(b) rotary planer

(d) duplex planar

(e) double cutting planer

(f) brace planer

(g) split or latching table planer

(h) pit planer

Difference between planer and shaper machine:

Shaper Machine:

1. The workpiece is fixed on the table and the ram moves the cutting tool to cut the workpiece at the cutting speed.

2. Small workpieces are operated on shaper machines.

3. Ram moves forward and cuts the metal.

4. On each return stroke the feed is given by slightly rotating the table.

5. Shaper machine is small in size, light, takes less space to install, can be set up quickly and does not require much skill to operate.

Planer Machine:

1. The cutting tool cross rail is fixedly blocked and the workpiece moves with the table while the table is blocked to cut the metal when the cutting tool crosses.

2. Heavy and large workpieces are operated on a planer machine.

3. The table cuts the metal by sliding it backwards.

4. At the end of each return stroke, the tool head is moved horizontally and fed.

5. Planar machines are larger in size, heavier, require more space to install, cannot be set up quickly and require more skill to operate.

What are the tools?

Tools are tools that are used to make machines or parts of the right size and quality. There are mainly two types of tools:

1. Hand Tools

2. Machine Tools.

There are again three types of hand tools:

1) Layout Tools (Scandal, Surface Plate etc.)

2) Measuring instruments (micrometer sine bar etc.)

3) Bence Tools (Vice, Hammer, Batali etc.)

What are cutting tools?

The tools with the help of which the work of cutting work or removing unnecessary metal from the work is called cutting tool.

There are three types of cutting tools:

1) Single point cutting tools

2) Double point cutting tools

3) Multi point cutting tools.

Features of cutting tool material:

Cutting tool material should always be harder than work.
It requires high deduction.
The need for plasticity.
Will be anti-friction.
Should have instantaneous load resistant properties.
Resistance to tensile and compression forces.
Flexible quality will be achieved.

What is Tool Signature?

A tool signature is a sequential listing of the nose radius and different angles of a cutting tool, expressed in the numerical order of the measured nose radius and angles.

For example the tool signature of a single point cutting tool is given below:

0-7-7-7-15-15-2

Back rake angle = 0°

Side rake angle = 7°

End relief = 7°

Lateral relief = 7°

End cutting edge angle = 15°

Side cutting edge angle = 15°

nose radius = 2mm

Cutting speed, bait and die of cut:

Cutting speed- The distance per minute that the cutting tool rotates along the circumference of the workpiece is called the cutting speed.

Cutting speed C= ^DN/1000 m/min

Here, cutting speed = c, job diameter = d, number of job revolutions per minute = n

Feed- The distance that the cutting tool travels parallel to the work surface per revolution is called feed.

Its unit is mm/rev. Is

Usually the feed ranges from 0.1 to 1.5 mm. Depth of Cut- The depth at which the cutting tool is perpendicular to the work surface is called the depth of cut.

What is Machine Shop And Machine Tools?